Temple of Literature: Hanoi’s historic center of learning

History and significance

The Temple of Literature, locally known as Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam, is one of Vietnam’s most revered cultural and historical landmarks.

Built in 1070 by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong, the temple was dedicated to Confucius, sages, and scholars, reflecting Vietnam’s deep respect for education and learning. In 1076, Emperor Ly Nhan Tong established the Imperial Academy, the country’s first national university, within its grounds.

Originally designed to educate royal family members and high-ranking officials, the academy later admitted talented commoners, fostering an enduring tradition of academic excellence.

Today, the site’s well-preserved courtyards, including iconic structures like the Constellation of Literature Pavilion and the Well of Heavenly Clarity, stand as a symbol of Vietnam’s intellectual heritage and cultural pride.

Location and accessibility

The Temple of Literature is located at 58 Quoc Tu Giam Street, Van Mieu Ward, Dong Da District, about 2–3 km west of Hoan Kiem Lake and south of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. Visitors can easily access the site through various means:

– Walking: Approximately a 15-minute walk from Hoan Kiem Lake.

– Cyclo: Traditional cyclos are available for hire around the Old Quarter, center of Hanoi.

– Taxi or ride-hailing services: Widely available throughout Hanoi.

– Public bus: Several bus routes, including 02, 23, 38, 25, and 41A, stop near the temple.

– Metro: Cat Linh Station on Line 2A (Cat Linh – Ha Dong), approximately 700 meters away. From the station, visitors can reach the temple by a 10-minute walk.

Opening hours and admission fees

The temple is open daily, with seasonal hours:

– Summer (Apr. 15 to Oct. 15): 7:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.

– Winter (Oct. 16 to Apr. 14): 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.

Admission fees:

– Adults: VND70,000 (US$2.75)

– Vietnamese students and senior citizens aged 60+ with ID, persons with severe disabilities: VND35,000

– Children under 16 years old: Free

– Foreign language audio guide costs an extra VND100,000

Visitor guidelines

To ensure a respectful visit, adhere to the following guidelines:

– Dress code: Wear respectful and formal attire appropriate for visiting a cultural heritage site.

– Respect for relics: Avoid touching, damaging, or disturbing artifacts, documents, and landscapes.

– Prohibited actions: Refrain from rubbing the turtles’ heads or sitting on the doctoral steles. Some people would be tempted to do this believing that it brings good luck, especially before exams.

– Security and order: Follow the rules to maintain safety and order within the temple grounds.

– Incense etiquette: Light only one incense stick and use designated areas for offerings.

– Food and drinks: Bringing food or beverages into the temple is strictly prohibited.

Well of Heavenly Clarity and Constellation of Literature Pavilion. Photo courtesy of the Temple of Literature’s official website

The Temple of Literature offers a tranquil retreat amidst Hanoi’s bustling streets. Its five courtyards, symbolic architecture, and peaceful gardens provide visitors with an insight into Vietnam’s academic and cultural legacy.

As a key historical site, it remains a must-visit destination for those interested in the country’s rich intellectual heritage.

Exploring history with technology: Temple of Literature’s night tour