India, the world’s most populous country, has started the first phase of Census 2027. This will be the world’s largest population count. Also, this is the first census to be conducted digitally with the option of self-enumeration. The process of the country’s 16th census and 8th since independence is starting from April 1 with the ‘House Listing and Housing Census’ phase, which will be implemented in a phased manner across states and union territories.
For the first time, enumerators will collect and submit data through smartphones and mobile apps instead of the traditional paper-based system. Additionally, citizens can also fill their details online through the self-enumeration portal available in 16 languages including Hindi and English. According to officials, people can log in with their mobile number, enter family details and get a unique self-enumeration ID to present at the time of the enumerator’s visit.
In the first phase, special attention will be given to the condition of the houses, household amenities and properties. Enumerators will collect information on materials used in construction of the house, number of residents, ownership status, availability of water, sanitation, electricity, cooking fuel, and amenities such as vehicles, mobile phones and internet. The government had notified the questionnaire for this phase in January 2026 itself.
In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Goa, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Odisha and Sikkim, house listing will be conducted between April 16 and May 15, while the self-count phase will run from April 1 to April 15. The second group includes Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh and Haryana, where house listing will begin between May 1 and May 30 and before that self-counting will be conducted from April 16 to April 30.
The second phase, i.e. population census, is proposed in February 2027. Whereas in some snowy areas of Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, this process will be started before September 2026. The reference date of the census has been set at 12 midnight of March 1, 2027, while for snow bound areas it will be October 1, 2026. Caste counting will also be done in the second phase.
More than 30 lakh enumerators, supervisors and officers will participate in this campaign across the country. The central government has approved a budget of Rs 11,718.24 crore, including technology, communication and training, for Census 2027. According to officials, extensive training arrangements have been made, thousands of trainers have been deployed and robust systems have been developed to ensure data security.
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