Ozempic and other GLP-1 agonist medications have risen in popularity over the last few years due to their touted blood sugar management and weight-loss effects. However, some supplements may not pair well with these medications. Certain supplements can interfere with GLP-1 agonist medications or exacerbate side effects, specifically gastrointestinal or weight-loss side effects. Plus, any supplements that can lower blood sugar should be used with caution and only under the guidance of your medical provider, as taking these alongside GLP-1s may lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels, says Melissa Mitri, M.S., RDa nutrition writer and dietitian.
A quick refresher: GLP-1 agonist medications are injectable medications that support weight loss and help manage blood sugar levels by mimicking a hormone that regulates appetite and insulin release. By slowing gastric emptying and promoting fullness, these medications aid in reducing calorie intake and blood sugar spikes.
Let’s explore some of the supplements experts say you should avoid when taking a GLP-1 medication to help you manage your health goals safely and effectively with as few side effects as possible.
1. Vitamin C
High doses of vitamin C (more than 1,000 milligrams per day), often found in immune-supporting supplements, can sometimes cause the same gastrointestinal side effects that are also common with GLP-1 medications. Excessive intake of vitamin C can cause nausea and diarrhea, possibly creating more gastrointestinal distress when taken with a GLP-1 medication, explains Jess DeGoreRD, CDCES. Limiting high doses of vitamin C and zinc might help minimize discomfort and support smoother adjustment to the medication.
Similarly, zinc may contribute to GI issues like diarrhea or cramping. Many immune-supporting supplements combine vitamin C and zinc, so if you’re sensitive to these symptoms or are trying to reduce GI side effects from your GLP-1 agonist medication, you might consider limiting them until symptoms improve.
Some people experience these symptoms on the first day of the injection, and they quickly resolve. If you are supplementing with vitamin C or zinc, consider skipping it on day one of your injection or until your gastrointestinal symptoms resolve. Always talk to your doctor about your symptoms and the best way to manage them.
2. Chromium
Chromium is a mineral that some people take to support blood sugar control. But when combined with a GLP-1 medication, it has the potential to lead to blood sugar levels that are too low, resulting in hypoglycemia. “Supplements like chromium may amplify the effects of GLP-1 agonists on blood sugar levels, so it’s best to avoid them or specifically discuss adding them with a health care provider first,” advises Mitri.
3. Berberine
Often mislabeled as “nature’s Ozempic,” berberine is popular for its blood sugar–lowering potential. However, using berberine alongside GLP-1 medications might have a compounded effect on blood glucose, potentially leading to low glucose levels. If you’re on a GLP-1 and considering berberine, we recommend you consult your health care provider to ensure you aren’t at risk for hypoglycemic episodes.
4. ALA
Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant that might improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar. While this may be beneficial for those managing blood glucose naturally, it may create issues for those on GLP-1 agonists. This is because the combined effects have the potential to lower blood sugar too much, resulting in hypoglycemia. If you’re on these medications to manage your blood sugar levels, monitor blood sugar carefully or ask your doctor before you begin supplementing with ALA to reduce the risk.
5. Meal Replacement Supplements
Since GLP-1 agonists work by reducing appetite and, thus, your calorie intake, high-calorie meal replacements might undermine your weight-loss results. GLP-1 medications are meant to help curb appetite and promote a calorie deficit, so consuming high-calorie shakes or meal replacements may work against these intended effects. Instead, opt for lower-calorie protein supplements and balanced, whole food–focused meals to meet your nutrition needs while taking an appetite-suppressing medication.
The Bottom Line
If you’re taking a GLP-1 agonist medication, be cautious with certain supplements that may interfere with blood sugar regulation or exacerbate side effects. Chromium, berberine and alpha-lipoic acid may reduce blood sugar levels, vitamin C and zinc may worsen digestive symptoms, and high-calorie meal replacements may reduce the medication’s effectiveness for weight loss. Remember, always consult your health care provider before starting or stopping any supplement to ensure it will support your health goals and not interact with your medications.
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