New Delhi: In the past few years, India has experienced a rapid rise in dementia and Alzheimer’s cases. This is a major health challenge that many people go through at a certain age. According to a study conducted in 2023, it was found that about 7.4 per cent of adults who are at the age of 60 and above in India are suffering from dementia, this number turns up to 8.8 million people. Moreover, it is also noticed that the prevalence of the condition is higher in women as compared to men. But why does that happen? Let’s understand.
Dr Vamsi Chalasani, Consultant Neurology, Manipal Hospital, Vijayawada shared with News9“Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, affects millions worldwide, with women making up nearly two-thirds of those diagnosed. Research has been increasingly focused on understanding why women are more susceptible and what steps can be taken to protect their brain health.”
Below are the key reasons why women are at greater risk for Alzheimer’s and ways to strengthen brain function:
1. Hormonal Changes – One of the leading hypotheses is the role of estrogen. During menopause, estrogen levels drop sharply, and this decline is believed to increase the vulnerability of the brain to Alzheimer’s. Estrogen has neuroprotective effects, and its loss may accelerate brain ageing.
2. Longevity – Women, on average, live longer than men. Since Alzheimer’s is strongly associated with age, women’s longer lifespan naturally increases their risk. However, longevity alone doesn’t explain the entire disparity.
3. Genetic Factors – Some studies suggest that women may have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s if they carry the APOE4 gene, known to be linked with the disease. The impact of this gene seems to be more pronounced in women than in men.
4. Cognitive Reserve – Cognitive reserve refers to the brain’s ability to cope with damage while still functioning normally. Studies suggest that although women often outperform men in verbal memory tests earlier in life, this advantage might mask the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s, leading to delayed diagnosis.
Effective Ways Women Can Enhance and Protect Brain Health:
1. Stay Physically Active – Regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercises, has been shown to promote brain health. Exercise improves blood flow, reduces inflammation, and stimulates the production of chemicals that protect brain cells.
2. Adopt a Brain-Healthy Diet – The Mediterranean and DASH diets are linked with better brain function. These diets emphasize whole grains, leafy greens, fish, nuts, and olive oil, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are key factors in Alzheimer’s.
3. Engage in Mental Stimulation – Keeping the brain active through puzzles, reading, and learning new skills can help build cognitive reserve. Challenging the mind is essential for delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s symptoms.
4. Maintain Strong Social Connections – Social engagement stimulates cognitive functions. Regular interaction with family, friends, or community groups can reduce stress and keep the brain resilient.
5. Manage Stress – Chronic stress is linked to brain shrinkage in key areas associated with memory. Mindfulness, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress and improve overall brain health.
By understanding the factors that increase Alzheimer’s risk and adopting preventive measures, women can take active steps toward maintaining brain health.
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