Cuu Lau (Tay Luong) Gate in 1873 from the book “Hanoi in the Period of 1873-1888” by André Masson, now the location of the Hanoi Opera House.
Documents from the National Archives Centre I indicate that Hanoi underwent several planning adjustments under the Nguyen Dynasty. According to “Bac Thanh Geography” compiled in the early 20th century, Hanoi once had 21 gates.
Thang Long was the capital of Vietnam during the reigns of various dynasties. After the Nguyen Dynasty moved the capital to Hue City and renamed Thang Long as Bac Thanh, the number of gates decreased to 16. By the time King Tu Duc’s reign began (1866) the map of Hanoi Province showed only 15 gates.
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