COPD vs asthma: In a smog-struck setup, pulmo explains the difference

New Delhi: The major difference between COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and asthma is that COPD is a persistent and progressive disease, whereas asthma is intermittent. Asthma can develop at any age, though it is usually common in childhood. In contrast, COPD typically develops after the age of 40, primarily among smokers. In asthma, genetic factors often play a significant role, with patients having a family history of the condition. Environmental factors can also contribute to the development or exacerbation of asthma. Dr. Davinder Kundra, Consultant – Pulmonology, Manipal Hospitals, Dwarka, New Delhi, answered all FAQs and explained the difference between COPD and asthma.

In COPD, smoking is the primary cause, which is why it is often referred to as a “smoker’s lung disease.” However, COPD has also been observed among non-smokers, particularly women in rural areas exposed to biogas fuel while cooking. Although they don’t smoke, they inhale harmful smoke during cooking. Poor indoor air quality and indoor air pollution have been linked to COPD development. While COPD is primarily associated with smoking, there is also evidence of a link between environmental and genetic factors.

Prognosis of Asthma and COPD:

1. The symptoms of asthma can typically be well-controlled with inhalers, allowing patients to maintain daily activities well into old age.
2. COPD, being a persistent and progressive condition, leads to worsening symptoms over time. However, the symptoms can be managed with inhalers and other medications.

Symptoms of COPD and asthma

1. Asthma: Includes coughing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and wheezing.
2. COPD: Often involves sputum production, especially in the morning, along with progressive breathlessness that worsens over time. While COPD symptoms are similar to those of asthma, they are persistent and become more severe as the disease progresses.

Tips to Manage Symptoms of Asthma and COPD:

1. Use inhalers regularly.
2. Wear N95 masks when going to open spaces or areas with high AQI (Air Quality Index).
3. Eat healthy food and drink water
4. Take prescribed medications.
5. Avoid exposure to high pollution levels as much as possible.
6. Quit smoking and avoid alcohol intake.
7. Breathing exercise