Can HMPV affect older adults? Expert says it is possible; know the signs

New Delhi: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a pathogen that, while not new, has recently gathered global attention. With the rise in reported cases of HMPV in India, this virus is not unknown, and people need to remain calm and take the necessary precautions. HMPV is a respiratory virus that may lead to various other illnesses, from mild colds to serious lung infections like pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Although it may not be as commonly known as the flu or Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), HMPV is a significant contributor to respiratory illnesses worldwide, particularly during the winter and spring seasons.

In an interaction with News9Live, Dr Raj Kumar, Consultant- Internal Medicine, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, spoke about HMPV infection in the elderly. Despite being a rare occurrence, it is a possibility.

HMPV Symptoms in Elders

Elders are particularly at risk due to their weakened immune systems which deteriorate with age. This makes them more susceptible to severe respiratory infections. In the case of senior citizens, longer delays can result in extended hospital stays, the severity of the condition, and in extreme cases, life-threatening complications. The symptoms of HMPV in elders are:

1. Persistent coughing: When older adults are infected with HMPV, similar to children, they often experience a persistent dry or wet cough at least for more than two days.
2. High temperature and chills: A fever may occur in older adults. It is sometimes also accompanied by chills (a feeling of coldness and sudden shivering in the body).
3. Difficulty in Breathing: The HMPV virus may cause symptoms like – shortness of breath or feeling hard to breathe. This may indicate a serious lung issue such as pneumonia.
4. Discomfort in the chest: A senior citizen may feel mild chest pain or discomfort if the virus has a more serious impact on the lungs.
5. Extreme Fatigue: The elders might feel extreme tiredness or fatigue and weakness as their immune systems attempt to eradicate the virus.

Complications linked to HMPV

Most individuals recover from HMPV within 7 to 10 days without facing complications. However, certain populations, like young children and elders are at a greater risk for severe outcomes. Some conditions that HMPV can trigger are – pneumonia, bronchitis, bacterial infections, and even worsening pre-existing chronic conditions like – asthma.

Methods of Prevention and Taking Care of the Elderly

It is important to identify the symptoms to effectively manage HMPV and reduce its effects. There are methods like multiplex PCR to facilitate quick and precise detection of the virus, allowing for prompt treatment. There are precautionary means through which the elderly can prevent HMPV:

1. Stay Hydrated: Both children and seniors need to maintain optimal hydration levels. One can maintain hydration levels by consuming adequate water, soups, and warm beverages.
2. Resting the body: Resting properly is crucial for recovery. It is essential to ensure that the elderly get proper sleep and refrain from strenuous activities. This aids in strengthening the immune system in combating the infection.
3. Monitor Breathing: As HMPV can hinder breathing, it is important to keep a check for any signs of breathing difficulties, such as rapid breathing, wheezing, or shortness of breath in the elderly.

In India, many elderly individuals possess chronic health issues such as heart disease or diabetes. HMPV infection can contribute to worsening these pre-existing conditions, resulting in more severe complications. It is crucial to keep a close watch on seniors for any signs of respiratory issues. In the case that any of the symptoms are noted, prompt medical attention should be administered.