Desk: Amidst rising tensions in West Asia, Iran’s terrain is once again in the news. Iran is often called a natural fortress. Its difficult terrain could pose a significant challenge to any outside military power. The US is threatening a ground war against Iran, but its geography could disrupt the calculations of any foreign force. Iran’s geographical structure makes it extremely strong defensively.
The high, rugged mountains in the west and north of the country, with their narrow valleys, slow down any invading army. Furthermore, the vast deserts in the center of the country are considered extremely difficult for logistics. The extreme heat, inhospitable terrain, and poor surface make the movement of heavy military equipment nearly impossible.
Iran is not only vast, spanning approximately 1.6 million square kilometers, but its military bases are also scattered across mountainous and populated areas. This is why any ground invasion is considered lengthy, costly, and risky.
History bears witness that even during the Iran-Iraq War, enemy forces were entangled in this difficult terrain. Iran’s military strategy is based on attrition, which involves utilizing mountains and difficult terrain to wage guerrilla warfare. Therefore, while air strikes are possible for a country like the US, establishing control over the entire country is considered extremely challenging.
Kharg Island, in southwest Iran, currently remains a strategically sensitive point. Located in the Persian Gulf, this small island is a major hub for Iran’s oil exports, accounting for approximately 90-95% of the country’s oil. The island lies just 55 kilometers off the coast of Bushehr, placing it within direct military reach of the Iranian mainland.
Understanding this Iranian history, one thing is certain: it is possible for the US to attack Kharg Island, whether through airstrikes or amphibious operations. But the real challenge will be maintaining its hold.
- Iran has deployed mines, air defense and MANPADS here.
- Due to its proximity to the mainland, there will be a constant threat of attack from missiles, drones and artillery.
- Maintaining supply lines and safely evacuating troops will be extremely difficult.
- Iran can also make the situation more difficult for the enemy by damaging its own oil facilities.
Kharg Island is far from the Strait of Hormuz, but its location within the Gulf makes it particularly vulnerable. Any military action there could directly impact global oil supplies. Iran’s difficult geography and strategic preparedness make it a strong defensive force. Limited air or sea strikes may be possible for the US, but a complete military victory or prolonged occupation, especially in a sensitive area like Kharg Island, could prove extremely costly and risky.
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