New Delhi. Sending rockets into space is not limited to just making big launch vehicles. One of the most important technologies behind this is the rocket engine. Engines must operate reliably under extremely high temperatures, pressures and complex fuel systems. Only a few countries in the world have developed their own technology in this field.
1. America
America has long been at the forefront of rocket engine technology. Along with government agencies, private companies are also developing different types of liquid and methane based engines. With the help of this technology, America operates launch systems that transport heavy payloads to space.
2. Russia
The history of Russia's rocket engine technology is quite old. Engine technology developed since the Soviet era has played an important role in space missions. Russia still produces indigenous propulsion systems for its launch vehicles.
3.China
China has developed various rocket engines for its Long March launch vehicle family. Its space program uses liquid fuels and modern propulsion technologies.
4. Japan
Japan is also among the countries having advanced rocket engine technology. Its H-IIA and subsequent launch systems use indigenous engine technology. Japan's space program has been continuously working on high-efficiency propulsion systems.
5. France
France's role in the European space program is special. Ariane 6's main engine is Vulcain 2.1 developed by ArianeGroup in France. It uses liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and provides thrust up to 1371 kN.
6.India
India has also developed its capability in the field of cryogenic and semi-cryogenic engines. ISRO's CE20 engine powers the LVM3 upper stage and was successfully tested at 22 tonnes of thrust in 2026. At the same time, continuous tests are going on in the semi-cryogenic engine program.