Good news for diabetic patients, insulin injections will not have to be done again and again, scientists have achieved great success…

New Delhi:- Diabetes affects more than half a billion people worldwide and approximately seven million people die from this disease every year. The havoc of this disease has increased significantly in recent years. Now, scientists have succeeded in developing a smart insulin for the treatment of diabetes. Whose name is 'NNC2215'.

It reacts in real time according to fluctuations in the blood sugar levels of a person suffering from diabetes. This research has been published in Nature magazine on Wednesday. This smart insulin was developed by scientists at Bristol University in Denmark, UK. And in collaboration with companies from the Czech Republic. This smart insulin has an on and off switch, enabling it to respond in real time to changes in blood sugar levels.

What does smart insulin look like?

It is shaped like a ring and has a glucoside molecule that resembles glucose in shape. When blood sugar levels are low, the glucoside binds to the ring structure. Due to this, insulin remains in an inactive state, which can prevent the blood sugar level from falling further. But, as blood sugar rises, glucoside is replaced by glucose. Due to this, insulin starts changing its shape and becomes active, which helps in bringing the blood sugar level to safe limits.

How does smart insulin work?

These glucose-responsive insulins stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia as they become active when blood sugar levels are too high and become inactive when levels become too low. Experts believe that in the future, patients may need insulin only once a week. Standard insulin stabilizes blood sugar levels, but usually cannot help with future fluctuations, causing patients to inject more insulin within a few hours. New smart insulins address this problem, providing a more effective solution.

There are two types of diabetes –
type 1 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is also called 'childhood diabetes'. It is caused by an autoimmune reaction, in which the body's defense system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas that secrete the insulin hormone. Genetic factors may be responsible for this. Insulin hormone is responsible for controlling the glucose level in the blood. Type 1 diabetes usually affects children and teenagers.

type 2 diabetes

This is the most common type of diabetes. In this the body cells do not use insulin properly. In this, insulin is produced by the pancreas but its quantity is less. This is not enough to keep our blood sugar level in the normal category. Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age.

According to WHO, 77 million people above 18 years of age in India are suffering from diabetes and about 25 million are prediabetic. According to India's Metabolic Noncommunicable Disease Health Report, 11 percent of India's population is suffering from diabetes while 15.3 percent of the population is affected by pre-diabetes.

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