health desk : A very surprising and important revelation has come to light regarding cellular division in the world of biology and medicine. Scientists have discovered that when cells in the human body divide wrong, they behave very differently than expected. Typically, when a cell successfully copies its DNA but fails to divide in two, it is left with twice as much genetic material. This condition is scientifically called ‘Whole Genome Duplication’ ($WGD$), which is linked to cancer, aging and many other serious diseases.
Not all cellular failures are the same: Research
Researchers at Hokkaido University have proved in their new study that not all cells with extra DNA behave the same. The team focused on two main causes of whole genome duplication—first ‘cytokinesis failure’ (where the cell fails to physically divide in the final step of division) and second ‘mitotic slippage’ (where the cell exits before the chromosomes separate properly).
According to the study’s corresponding author, Associate Professor Ryota Uehara, through live cell imaging and chromosome-specific labeling techniques, it was found that both mistakes cause DNA duplication, but their consequences are quite different. Cells made with cytokinesis failure were more stable and more likely to survive. In contrast, cells resulting from mitotic slippage had an unbalanced distribution of chromosomes, resulting in a significantly lower survival rate.
Will prove to be a game-changer in cancer treatment
The results of this research can prove to be very revolutionary for the treatment and prevention of cancer in the future. Since $WGD$ is commonly found in cancer cells and some cancer therapies inadvertently trigger it, targeting this specific process of chromosome separation may help abnormal cells survive and prevent tumors from regrowing.
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