Autism, also referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects how individuals communicate, interact, and experience the world around them. Yet, despite growing awareness, conversations around autism continue to be shaped by stigma, delayed diagnosis, and widespread misconceptions.
According to the World Health Organisation“in 2021 about 1 in 127 persons had autism.” In India, the numbers reflect a similarly pressing reality. A 2024 review notes, “ASDs were formerly thought to be a rare condition. But now 1 in 65 Indian children between the age group of two and nine are affected by ASD. Up to 1.8-2 million children in India are thought to have ASD.”
Crucially, the same review highlights a persistent gap in early identification: “Early signs of ASD can manifest in infancy, but parents may not recognise them until their child falls behind in meeting social milestones. This delay in recognition is often due to a lack of awareness, societal stigma, and limited knowledge about developmental and behavioural disorders.”
Addressing these misconceptions becomes essential to ensuring timely support and inclusion. This World Autism Awareness Day, we spoke to Dr Chakkera Priyanka, Associate Consultant – Neurology at Kauvery Hospital, to debunk some of the most common myths surrounding autism.
Myth #1: Vaccines cause autism.
Multiple large-scale studies across decades have found no causal link between vaccines and autism. Avoiding vaccines based on this misinformation not only puts children at risk of preventable diseases but also shifts focus away from early developmental support.
Myth #2: Autism is a disease that can be cured.
Autism is not a disease but a neurodevelopmental condition, essentially a different way the brain develops and functions. There is no cure for autism, but early intervention and therapies significantly improve outcomes.
Myth #3: All autistic individuals are the same.
Autism is called a spectrum for a reason. No two individuals with autism are alike, with different symptoms, strengths, communication styles and challenges.
Myth #4: Autism is caused by bad parenting or environmental factors.
The fact is, autism is not caused by parenting. Strong scientific evidence suggests that genetic and neurobiological factors are primary contributors to this condition. Blaming parents not only causes guilt but delays seeking professional help, i.e. crucial early intervention.
Myth #5: Autism means intellectual disability or lack of emotion.
Most individuals with autism do not have severe intellectual disability and can lead independent, productive lives. Autistic individuals feel emotions, though they may express them differently. The real challenge is often not a lack of emotion but difficulty in communication and social interpretation.
As neurologists, our role extends beyond diagnosis. We must actively combat misinformation because when myths persist, children suffer not from autism but from delayed care and societal stigma.
This story is done in collaboration with First Checkwhich is the health journalism vertical of DataLEADS
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