ISRO’s Spadex Mission: Satellite Docking and Advanced Technologies to Be Demonstrated on December 30

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to cap off an eventful year with the launch of its ambitious Spadex missionscheduled for 9:58 pm on December 30, 2024. This groundbreaking mission aims to demonstrate satellite docking in spacea critical milestone for India’s space exploration capabilities and a precursor to future missions like Chandrayaan-4 and the Bharatiya Space Station. The launch will take place from the Sriharikota spaceport using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C60.

Spadex Mission: Pioneering Satellite Docking Technology

Satellite docking is a complex process that involves the alignment and joining of two spacecraft in orbit. For this mission, ISRO will deploy two small satellites—SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target). Here’s how the mission will unfold:

• Initial Alignment: The satellites will be launched into a 470 km circular orbit and align within the same orbit.
• Far Rendezvous: The Target satellite will maintain a 20 km separation, aided by its propulsion system, while the Chaser satellite approaches gradually.
• Docking Procedure: The satellites will perform a controlled docking maneuver, enabling them to transfer electrical power and showcase joint spacecraft control.
• Post-Docking Operations: Following separation, both satellites will operate independently, with a mission life of two years.

Advanced Payloads and Technologies

The Spadex mission incorporates cutting-edge technology and payloads designed to push the boundaries of space exploration:

• High-Resolution Camera: Aboard the Chaser satellite (SDX01) for detailed imaging.
• Multispectral Payload: On the Target satellite (SDX02) for monitoring natural resources, vegetation, and space radiation.
• Docking Mechanism and Sensors: To ensure precise alignment and secure satellite coupling.
• Navigation System: For accurate relative orbit determination.

PSLV-C60: A Platform for Innovation

The PSLV-C60 rocket will carry the two 220 kg satellites and initiate their orbital maneuvers. Additionally, the rocket’s final stage will showcase 24 experimental payloads, including:

• Robotic Arm: Designed to capture and manage space debris.
• Biological Experiment: Studying seed germination and plant growth in microgravity, advancing research for space agriculture.

Significance of the Spadex Mission

This mission is a pivotal moment for ISRO, enabling the development of satellite docking technology essential for space stations, orbital refuelingand multi-satellite missions. It also advances India’s capacity to manage collaborative spacecraft operations and innovate in space technology.

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