Premature birth (birth before 37 weeks) has become a growing health problem in India. Although medical facilities have been modernized, the number of preterm births continues to rise rather than decrease. Globally, the prevalence of premature births is between 4 and 15 percent; But in India, this ratio reaches about 10 to 15 percent. Due to the country’s large population, lack of universal access to healthcare and lack of awareness, around 25 to 30 lakh premature babies are born every year in India, the highest rate in the world. (why premature birth are rising in india)
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Why are premature births on the rise?
According to experts, no single cause is responsible for premature delivery. Many factors combine to increase the risk. Mother’s age, her nutrition, health status, stress and short interval between two pregnancies are the major factors.
Raipur Janani Care Hospital Dr. “The risk of prematurity can start even before conception,” says Deepa Singh. Two major trends are on the rise in India, very young pregnancy and pregnancy after 35 years. Both situations are more complicated. Also short interval between two pregnancies puts extra stress on women’s body and increases the chances of premature labor.
Malnutrition: The biggest risk
Proper nutrition of the mother is considered to be the most important factor behind premature delivery. Anemia, low BMI, vitamin deficiency and lack of regular check-ups during pregnancy exacerbate the risk. Problems such as high blood pressure, uterine infection, thyroid, high sugar or sudden weight gain may go undetected if not checked on time. Infection often leads to premature labor, but women ignore it due to shame or lack of information.
In addition, problems like diabetes, obesity, thyroid and high blood pressure are now on the rise among young women and increase the risk of preterm birth.
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How can premature birth be prevented?
It is not possible to prevent every premature birth, but with proper care it can be greatly reduced. It starts from the teenage years of girls. Information about proper nutrition, vaccinations and reproductive health is essential. Pre-pregnancy health check-ups are beneficial. It is important to reduce anemia, keep thyroid under control and treat any infection in time.
Regular check-ups are essential during pregnancy. Continuous monitoring of BP, sugar, baby’s growth, placenta condition is necessary. Diet should include iron, folic acid, calcium, protein and omega-3. Light exercise, prenatal yoga, adequate sleep and regular water intake keep the body fit and help reduce stress. The key to preventing premature birth is awareness, good nutrition, timely check-ups and consistent healthcare. In a large country like India, this issue is not only about the healthcare system but also about the active participation of family and society.
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