New Delhi: Pregnancy can be a pretty complex and difficult period, particularly if complicated by thyroid disorders. The thyroid is essential for metabolic and energy regulation, and hormonal balance; hence proper functioning is paramount to both the mother and the fetus. Dr Sonali Kagne, Consultant – Endocrinology, Sir H.N Reliance Foundation Hospital, shared pro tips on managing thyroid disorders during pregnancy.
Common Thyroid Problems in Pregnancy
- Underactive Thyroid or Hypothyroidism: The gland does not manufacture the required thyroid hormones; the most common cause is an autoimmune disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Symptoms are those of fatigue, weight gain, intolerance to colds, and constipation that pass as physiological changes with pregnancy.
- Hyperthyroidism or Overactive Thyroid: This is when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. The common cause of pregnancy is another autoimmune condition called Graves’ disease. Symptoms include weight loss, palpitations, intolerance to heat, and anxiety, and can be confused with normal phenomena of pregnancy.
- Postpartum Thyroiditis: This is an inflammatory condition that some women develop after delivery, typically with a hyperthyroid phase preceding hypothyroidism. The symptoms can include mood swings, fatigue, hair loss, and weight changes, which may be mistaken for postnatal depression or normal postpartum adjustments.
Management of Thyroid Conditions in Pregnancy
- Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid complications.
- Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine, and hyperthyroidism is managed with antithyroid medications.
- Routine follow-up with an endocrinologist and obstetrician will ensure safe management of both mother and fetus.
Tips for a Stress-Free Pregnancy
- Plan Ahead: If you have a pre-existing thyroid disorder, get your thyroid levels checked before conception.
- Regular Check-Ups: Thyroid function tests should be included in your routine prenatal check-ups.
- Balanced Nutrition: You should have adequate iodine, selenium, and zinc through iodized salt, dairy products, eggs, nuts, and seafood.
- Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or light exercise to manage chronic stress.
- Open Communication: Share any unusual symptoms with your healthcare provider promptly.
Conclusion
A healthy pregnancy is closely linked to good thyroid health. By raising awareness and encouraging timely medical care, we can empower expectant mothers to have a confident and peaceful journey. If you’re planning a pregnancy or are already expecting, don’t hesitate to discuss thyroid health with your doctor. A healthy mother is the cornerstone of a healthy baby.
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