Brain Map for a male fruit fly : In a multi-year project involving a team at HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Cambridge (UK), and collaborators in the scientific community, scientists have mapped every neural connection in the brain and central nervous system of an adult male fruit fly. The map contains a record-breaking more than 166,000 neurons. This is a major step towards advancing neuroscience experiments on this important model organism.
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According to reports, a part of the map prepared by scientists shows some special neurons in the brain and ventral nerve cord (which is like the spinal cord) of a male fruit fly. Like humans, flies detect most objects using organs on their heads. These include two large compound eyes and a proboscis that can move in and out; It is used to detect smell and to take in liquid food. Neurons in these organs detect external information and send signals along pathways that ultimately reach motor neurons that control body movement.
Viewed from above, the fruit fly's large eyes and central brain are clearly visible. These are connected to the body through a thick bundle of nerves, where motor neurons control behavior. The map was created by taking thin sections of the fruit fly's brain and body, imaging each part, and then using computers and AI to combine millions of 2D images to create 3D neural shapes. Knowing the structure of the brain helps neuroscientists understand how the brain works.
This video shows some of the 11,691 types of neuron cells in the central nervous system (which includes the brain and ventral nerve cord) of a male fruit fly. Neurons can be divided based on their size, shape, function, gene expression, or other factors. This visualization starts with the neurons present between the brain and the body. Then it slowly travels to the outer layers and finally to the neurons present in the outer parts of the body. Computing and AI helped human experts classify more than 166,000 neurons.
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Although most neurons in male and female fruit flies are identical (i.e., isomorphic), some neurons are specific to males or females. A third category of neurons is “dimorphic”; These occur in both males and females, but are connected to different nearby neurons. These nearby neurons may be isomorphic (identical in both males and females), or specific to either male or female, or may themselves be dimorphic.
New brain map of male fruit flies involves visual-motor pathways. These pathways connect visual neurons (which help the fly explore its surroundings) with motor neurons (which help it move in response). This video shows an example of one such pathway, which travels from R1-R6 visual neurons (violet) to the DNg13 motor neuron (green). There are several intermediate phages in between, including the male-specific LoVP92; It is named after the so-called “love spot” and plays a role in courtship behavior.