There are many such famines recorded in the history of India, which deeply affected the society, economy and life of people. was one of Chhappaniya famine of 1899which in English history The Great Indian Famine of 1899 Known as. This famine proved to be extremely devastating especially for Rajasthan, Gujarat, Central India and surrounding areas.
Why was it named 'Chhappaniya Famine'?
This terrible famine occurred in Rajasthan in Vikram Samvat 1956 (1899 AD). Chhappaniya famine It is said. In the folk language of Rajasthan, Samvat 1956 was called “Chhappan”, hence this famine was named Chhappaniya famine.
This famine was so terrible that its memories are still heard in the folk songs and proverbs of Rajasthan.
main cause of famine
The monsoon in 1899 was very weak. Due to lack of continuous rain, the fields dried up and crops were ruined. Water sources started drying up and it became difficult to get fodder for animals.
At that time most of the population was dependent on agriculture and animal husbandry, so the drought had a direct impact on the livelihood of the people.
Maximum impact in Rajasthan
The Chhappaniya famine had the greatest impact on the then Rajputana region. Starvation, migration and severe shortage of livestock were seen in many parts of present-day Rajasthan. People had to face difficult conditions in many areas of Marwar, Mewar, Bikaner, Jaipur and other princely states.
millions of people died
According to historians, this famine of 1899–1900 was one of the most severe famines in India. A large number of people and animals died due to lack of food and water. Although the figures from that time are not completely clear, it is believed that this famine affected the lives of millions of people.
role of english rule
The Chhappaniya famine occurred during the British rule. At that time, the policies of the British government regarding relief work were criticized. Many historians believe that administrative negligence and weak relief system increased the problems of the people.
Chhappaniya famine in folk culture
The pain of Chhappaniya famine is still visible in the folk songs of Rajasthan. Elder generations have been telling stories of this period, which depict a picture of hunger, migration and struggle. This famine also tells the story of resilience and struggle of the people of Rajasthan.
Changes after famine
After the Chhappaniya famine, more attention was paid to water conservation, irrigation system and relief works. Awareness about the importance of water increased in drought affected areas like Rajasthan. In later years the need for development of canals, dams and water projects was felt.