A medicine prescribed to help someone sleep, control pain or ease anxiety can slowly become something they feel unable to live without. What begins as ordinary treatment can, in some cases, develop into dependence or addiction.
Prof. Dr S M Fayaz, Lead and Senior Consultant of Internal Medicine at KIMS Hospitals, Mahadevapura, Bengaluru, said many commonly prescribed medicines can be misused when taken in larger doses, more frequently or for longer than advised.
It often starts with one extra pill
Painkillers, particularly opioids, can be especially difficult to manage because they not only reduce pain but can also produce relaxation and euphoria.
Over time, the body may develop tolerance, meaning larger doses are needed to achieve the same effect. Physical dependence can follow and, if not addressed, may develop into addiction.
When sleep becomes impossible without medicine
Sleeping tablets can create a similar cycle. They may be effective when prescribed for short-term use, but prolonged or improper use can lead to physical or psychological dependence.
People may eventually believe they cannot sleep without the medicine. Trying to stop suddenly can then bring back insomnia, restlessness or anxiety.
Dr Fayaz advises looking for the reason behind persistent sleeplessness rather than simply increasing the dose. Underlying medical conditions or poor sleep habits may sometimes be responsible.
Mixing medicines can make things worse
Sedatives and anti-anxiety medicines can also become dangerous when misused. Taking excessive doses, using someone else’s prescription or combining these medicines with alcohol or opioid painkillers can cause extreme sedation, breathing difficulties or overdose.
The warning signs can be easy to miss
Doctors say possible signs include repeatedly taking more than prescribed, requesting early refills, hiding medicine use, using someone else’s medication or feeling unable to function without it.
Mood changes, excessive sleepiness, confusion and unusual behavioural changes can also raise concern.
Never stop suddenly on your own
Dr Fayaz stressed that medication misuse can affect anyone. If dependence is suspected, professional help should be sought rather than attempting to handle the problem alone.
People who have been taking a medicine for a long period should also not stop it abruptly without medical advice. A doctor can determine how it should be reduced safely.
The basic rule remains simple: take medicines exactly as prescribed, never change the dose independently and speak to a doctor before making any changes.